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About Phosphorus Binders |
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About Phosphorus Binders |
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| Phosphorus binders are a critical
treatment for extending a CRF cat's life. A 2001 study
by Peter Markewell (BSc, BVetMed, MRCVS) for the Waltham Centre for Pet
Nutrition found that "...using a phosphate- and protein-restricted diet,
in combination with oral phosphorus-binding agents in those cats in which
control of hyperphosphatemia [high phosphorus] and RHPTH [renal secondary
hyperparathyroidism] was not achieved by diet alone, resulted in more than
doubling
of average survival time from the commencement of treatment."
Both aluminum and calcium-based binders are available without prescription, but the aluminum based binders are more effective, safer, and often cheaper. Renagel is an expensive prescription binder used only if cats cannot tolerate the aluminum and calcium binders. Veterinarians report that "compliance rates" with phosphorus binders are low because owners have problems giving them and cats resist taking them. Choose a binder that you're able to give and that is palatable to your cat. Dried gel powders are mixed with an animal's wet and dry food. Liquid suspensions are usually syringed onto a cat's tongue. Both powders and liquids can also be given in gel caps but large dosages sometimes preclude this. Binders must given with each meal so that they can bind with the phosphorus in newly consumed food and prevent its absorption into the body and bloodstream. This page lists popular binders and places to buy them. |
David's advice: "Generic
Aluminum Hydroxide Dried Gel USP powder" is the most effective, easiest
to use and least expensive binder in almost every case. Many vets
are unaware that this over-the-counter (OTC) product is readily available
from compounding pharmacies and via mail order, so you may have to educate
them."
Information and Vendors |
| Generic Aluminum Hydroxide Dried
Gel Powder (Al(OH)3).
Generic Aluminum Hydroxide Dry Gel Powder (USP) may be purchased from local compounding or hospital pharmacies or via mail order. This is the most convenient binder product because it is tasteless and easy to mix with wet food and even dry food (mix binder and dry food in a plastic baggie -- dry food will absorb the binder overnight). It is non-prescriptive but some compounding pharmacies and other vendors may insist upon a veterinary prescription. (Vets may know about liquid-based binders such as Alternagel but be unaware of the generic aluminum hydroxide gel powder.) For a cat that's going to be on binders for the rest of his or her life, this is most effective and least expensive option. Three brands of aluminum hydroxide dry gel powder are readily available (PCAA, Spectrum and Gallipot) -- others that meets USP standards are acceptable. The USP gel powder contains 300 mg of aluminum hydroxide per 1/4 teaspoon. A minimum of 76.5% of the weight of USP aluminum hydroxide dried gel powder is aluminum hydroxide; thus, a 500 gram tin of the product would contain 382.5 grams of aluminum hydroxide, enough to treat the typical 10 lb. cat for 1-2 years or more (see dosage protocol below). Products
You should be able to buy one of
the above or an equivalent USP generic at a local compounding pharmacy
for $30-$40. They may not have it in stock, but they can order it.
If you can't find it locally:
|
| Other Aluminum Based Binders
Basaljel (Axcan Pharma Inc.)., sold only in Canada, over the counter, a dried aluminum hydroxide gel powder and sucrose packaged in gel caps, comes in bottles of 100 gel caps. Each 641 mg cap has 500 mg of aluminum hydroxide. Basaljel is flavorless and mixes easily with wet food. Basaljel can be purchased at Canadian drug stores. PetPharm, an Ontario mail order pet pharmacy, will ship a bottle to the States from a free trade zone in the Bahamas for approximately for $32.26 including shipping. Takes 2-3 weeks.. Cost of Basaljel itself is currently $13.76 US plus a flat shipping cost of $18.50 US. Consider ordering more than one bottle - shipping charge will be the same. Toll free number is 1-888-423-9444, toll free fax number is 1-888-423-7860, email is info@petpharm.org. Orders for OTC products can be faxed or e-mailed to PetPharm. Your order should include the following information product name, quantity, and your name, address and phone number (and email if applicable). PetPharm's consulting vet suggested I post the following catalog information: Basaljel (Axcan Pharma) Aluminum Hydroxide, Gastrointestinal Phosphate Binder. Each yellow and red capsule contains: dried aluminum gel 500 mg (aluminum hydroxide-sucrose 641mg). nonmedical ingredients: magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose and talc. Energy: 2.80 kj (0.67 kcal)/capsule. Tartrazine-free.  AlternaGel
(Johnson
& Johnson - Merck - NDC# 16837-0860-12), over the counter, a liquid
suspension of aluminum hydroxide with 600 mg of aluminum hydroxide per
teaspoon (5 mL) or 120mg/mL, about $7 for a 12 oz. (360 mL) bottle.
Alternagel is mint flavored and doesn't mix well with food. Most
syringe it down their cat's throats or put it into large gel caps and give
it orally. Alternagel should be readily available in most drug stores
although it might be behind the pharmacist's counter. If you can't
find it locally:
 Amphojel
(Wyeth-Ayerst - NDC# 00008- 0010-01), an over-the-counter thick liquid
suspension with 320 mg of aluminum hydroxide per teaspoonful (5 mL) (64mg/mL),
available in peppermint and unflavored versions. Comes in 12 oz bottles.
Most syringe amphojel down their cat's throats or give in gel caps. The
tablet versions of Amphojel have been discontinued in the US and the liquid
version is no longer distributed in the US; however, generic versions of
Amphojel liquid are widely available - ask for an aluminum hydroxide suspension
antacid.
Flavored Aluminum Hydroxide Suspension:
.50 per mL for 60-239mL .25 per mL for 240mL and up Shipping is by weight and location. Orders of $45 and over ship free to the lower 48. |
Calcium Based Phosphorus Binders
Calcium-based binders such as Phos-Lo and Tums are readily available and inexpensive. But they're not as effective as the aluminum hydroxide binders, they require large doses and they are not as safe. There is the fear that supplementing calcium in a CRF cat can lead to serious problems such as hypercalcemia, soft tissue calcification, etc. These products are mentioned for completeness -- with the exception of Epatikin (see below), I haven't heard from anyone who's actually using a calcium-based binder.  Epakitin/Ipakitine.
Ipakitine
has been marketed in Europe for awhile and its twin product, Epakitin,
is now being heavily marketed in the US as a "nutritional supplement."
This product's active binding ingredients are calcium carbonate and chitosan.
Tests have shown the calcium carbonate binders are inferior to the aluminum-based
products. Several well-known CRF researchers advised that this product
should
not be used in cats with high normal or elevated calcium due to the
risk of throwing such cats into hypercalcemia by adding calcium carbonate
to their daily meds. Dr. Larry Nagode of Ohio State University Veterinary
College advises that the product should not be used with cats that currently
get calcitriol nor cats that may get it in the future, again because
of the risk of hypercalcemia. Epatikin is being marketed directly
to vets and more as a renal protectorant/preventive than as a treatment
for elevated phosphorus. I've received emails from folks in Germany
and Switzerland about Ipakitine being prescribed for their early CRF cats
- they report it seems to have helped their cats' appetite and energy.
None of these cats had elevated phosphorus. Dosage recommendation
is based on weight alone (1g/5kg body weight given orally in the morning
and the evening mixed with food) without regard to phosphorus levels --
this further suggests that the product is intended for cats in early CRF
and/or CRF cats with phosphorus in normal bounds rather than cats with
elevated phosphorus where dosage is normally adjusted based on phosphorus
values. This product is expensive -- the two retail sources
currently on the web are charging $19.99 for 50 grams and $49.99 for 150
grams. One correspondent reported purchasing this from her US vet
for $100 for 150 grams! Epakitin is an "over-the-counter" supplement.
The manufacturer, however, is marketing it mainly to veterinarians and
some vendors may insist on a "veterinary prescription."
David's Advice: Epakitin may be worth a try for cats in early CRF that do not have elevated phosphorus. Once a cat's phosphorus is elevated (6 or more), however, aluminum-based binders are more effective in bringing the values down quickly. One CRF researcher advised that Epakitin can be used in combination with the aluminum-based binders. Please be aware that Epakitin is the only phosphorus binder currently being marketed directly to US vets for resale to their clients. Some clinics may push Epakitin because they profit from it and/or it's the only binder they know. And some may prescribe this medication inappropriately for cats in crisis with elevated phosphorus. Further, this product is very expensive and since its major ingredients are all inexpensive -- lactose, calcium carbonate and chitosan -- most of the product's cost is marketing and profit! Mail Order Sources:
|
Renagel
 Renagel
(Genzyme),
prescription only, is sevelamer hydrochloride, a polymeric phosphate binder
intended for oral administration. It's calcium and aluminum free.
Vets sometimes prescribe it (in 403 mg gel caps) when cats refuse other
products. It is expensive (70-80 cents per cap) and has side effects.
Use only under the direction of your vet. Available at most pharmacies. |
Dr. Nagode's Phosphorus Binder
Protocol / Dosage
 Dosage:
Many
in the Yahoo
Feline CRF Support Group and the Yahoo
Feline Phosphorus Management Group use the dosage protocol recommended
by Larry Nagode (DVM Ph.D.) of The Ohio State University Veterinary College.
Dr. Nagode recommends treating animals with phosphorus values over 6 with
aluminum hydroxide binders. Dosage is based on the animal's body
weight. Please note that a phosphorus value of 6 is within the "normal
range" of many veterinary laboratories for cats -- Dr. Nagode advises that
those "normal ranges" average the ranges for both kittens and cats and
that adult cats should be treated for values of 6 or over.
Thus, a 10 lb cat with a phosphorus value of 7 would get a dose of about 500 mg of aluminum hydroxide binder a day, with that dose divided between the cat's meals. A 10 lb. cat with a value of 9 would get 1000 mg of aluminum hydroxide binder, again with the dose divided between the cat's meals. Dr. Nagode indicates that it's always better to err on the side of giving a cat more rather than less binder, and that he favors ramping up the dosage quickly if the cat is not responding to lower doses. Dr. Nagode's recommended dosages run about double what many vets believe is appropriate! If the dosages above do not promptly bring down the cat's values, Dr. Nagode suggests doubling them! Delivery: The binder must be in the cat's gut when food is being digested so that it can bind with phosphorus before it's absorbed and carry it out of the cat's system. That's why dry food left out for "as needed feeding" requires binder. Many mix portions of dry food with dried aluminum hydroxide gel binder in a plastic "baggie" overnight - the binder is absorbed by the dry food and then can be left out for the cat. Again, always better to err on the high side in binder dosage. |
Teaspoons / Tablespoons to Milliliters
(mL)
|
 This
page is the product of me, David
Jacobson. The information presented here is not guaranteed. Contact
the vendors listed directly for their current prices and policies.
Feel free to link this page to other pages and web sites dealing with the
medical treatment of cats and dogs. And please contact me
with any updated information or additional vendors, or your comments, criticisms
and suggestions. I appreciate your help. |
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